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Overview Error handling is the process of anticipating, detecting, and resolving anomalies (errors) that occur during the execution of a program. The goal is to prevent the application from crashing and to provide meaningful feedback to the user or developer. Core Concepts Exceptions: Events that disrupt the normal flow of instructions. Checked Exceptions: Errors that…
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Overview Data types are classifications that tell the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. They determine what values a variable can hold and what operations can be performed on that data. Core Concepts Primitive Types: The most basic data types built into a language. They are usually stored by value.…
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Overview Control flow refers to the order in which individual statements, instructions, or function calls are executed or evaluated. By default, code runs sequentially, but control flow structures allow the program to skip sections or repeat them based on conditions. Core Concepts Conditional Branching: Making decisions to execute different blocks of code. If/Else: The most…
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Overview A constant is an identifier for a value that cannot be modified during the execution of a program. Once a constant is assigned a value, that value remains fixed. Core Concepts Immutability: The core property of a constant; it prevents accidental changes to data that should remain static. Naming Conventions: Often written in SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE…
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Overview Boolean logic is a form of algebra centered around three main logical operators: AND, OR, and NOT. It is the fundamental building block of all digital computers, as it allows the CPU to make decisions based on binary values (true or false, 1 or 0). Core Concepts Boolean Values: Data that can only have…